The Heathen: A Tale of Survival and Brotherhood .

 Hello viewers! 

 I am Kavita Chauhan , a student in department of English mkbu Bhavnagar.

This blog is a part of my B.A. study

The Heathen: A Tale of Survival and Brotherhood

Introduction

Jack London, known for his gripping adventure stories and deep philosophical explorations of human nature, presents The Heathen as a tale of survival, friendship, and moral reflection. First published in 1910, the short story stands as a critique of racial and cultural prejudices while celebrating the resilience of the human spirit. Through the protagonist’s journey, London explores themes of fate, camaraderie, and the inherent dignity found in all people, regardless of race or background.

Summary of the Story

The story is narrated by Charley, a white American sailor, who finds himself shipwrecked in the Pacific after a violent storm. Amidst the chaos and death, he is saved by Otoo, a Polynesian native, whom he initially perceives as a ‘heathen.’ Despite the racial stereotypes prevalent in Charley’s worldview, Otoo proves himself to be loyal, intelligent, and deeply compassionate.

Over the years, Otoo and Charley develop an unbreakable bond. Otoo serves as more than just a companion—he becomes a brother, a protector, and a moral compass for Charley. The story takes a tragic turn when Otoo sacrifices his own life to save Charley from a dangerous situation. The loss leaves Charley profoundly shaken, prompting him to reevaluate his own beliefs about race, civilization, and the meaning of true friendship.

Themes in The Heathen

1. Brotherhood Beyond Race

One of the central themes of the story is the deep friendship that transcends racial and cultural barriers. London challenges the prejudices of his time by portraying Otoo as a noble and selfless figure, countering the common racial stereotypes of indigenous people.

2. Survival and Fate

Much like London’s other works, The Heathen explores the theme of survival against nature’s adversities. The shipwreck serves as a metaphor for the randomness of fate, where social hierarchies collapse, and only human resilience and cooperation matter.

3. The Critique of Western Superiority

Although Charley begins the story with a sense of racial superiority, Otoo’s actions reveal that civilization is not determined by race but by one’s character and moral values. London subtly critiques the ethnocentric attitudes of Western imperialism.

4. Sacrifice and Honor

Otoo’s ultimate sacrifice highlights the theme of selflessness and honor. His willingness to give his life for Charley demonstrates the depth of his loyalty and challenges the reader’s perception of heroism.

Literary Devices in the Story

1. First-Person Narrative

London employs a first-person perspective, allowing readers to witness Charley’s transformation firsthand. This technique creates an intimate connection between the narrator and the audience.

2. Symbolism

• The Sea – Represents both the unpredictability of fate and the indifference of nature toward human life.

• The Shipwreck – Acts as a leveling force, erasing racial and social distinctions and emphasizing pure human survival.

• Otoo’s Sacrifice – Serves as the ultimate testament to the power of love and brotherhood beyond constructed racial barriers.

3. Contrast and Character Development

Charley’s initial prejudices contrast sharply with his later admiration for Otoo. This character arc strengthens the narrative’s message of racial equality and mutual respect.

Modern Relevance of The Heathen

1. Racial and Cultural Perceptions

In today’s world, The Heathen remains relevant as it addresses racial prejudices and challenges readers to see beyond stereotypes. The story serves as a reminder that character is not defined by race but by actions.

2. The Value of True Friendship

With increasing societal divisions, the theme of deep, unwavering friendship across different backgrounds remains a powerful lesson in unity and empathy.

3. Ethical Considerations in Global Relations

The story’s critique of Western superiority can be applied to modern discussions on cultural appreciation versus appropriation and the lingering effects of colonialism.

Conclusion

Jack London’s The Heathen is a powerful and thought-provoking short story that challenges notions of racial superiority, celebrates the human spirit, and underscores the value of true friendship. Through Charley’s transformation and Otoo’s selflessness, London invites readers to question societal prejudices and embrace the common humanity that binds us all. Even over a century after its publication, the story remains a significant literary work that speaks to themes of racial equality, brotherhood, and the moral complexities of survival.

References

• London, Jack. The Heathen, 1910.

• Cassuto, Leonard. The Cambridge Companion to Jack London. Cambridge University Press, 2017.

• Labor, Earle. Jack London: An American Life. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2013.